Fetal Programming of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis: Low Birth Weight and Central HPA Regulation
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in habitual smokers.
Nicotine is a strong activator of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Smoking of only two cigarettes consistently activates the HPA axis of habitual smokers. However, while being a habitual smoker only induces small changes of basal HPA axis activity, smoking induces an attenuated responsiveness of the HPA axis to psychological stress, but not to injection of corticotropin releasing ...
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Nimodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, can induce analgesia. However, it is not clear that this analgesic effect is at the level of spinal or supraspinal pain pathway. In addition, it has been reported that the analgesic effect of nifedipine, another L-type calcium channel blocker is related to the HPA axis, but there is no report indicating the role of this axis in the analgesic eff...
متن کاملUpdate on stress and depression: the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
Over the past 50 years, relationships between stress and the neurobiological changes seen in psychiatric disorders have been well-documented. A major focus of investigations in this area has been the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, both as a marker of stress response and as a mediator of additional downstream pathophysiologic changes. This review examines the emerging lit...
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Detailed dynamics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is complex, depending on the individual metabolic load of an organism, its current status (healthy/ill, circadian phase (day/night), ultradian phase) and environmental impact. Therefore, it is difficult to compare the HPA axis activity between different individuals or draw unequivocal conclusions about the overall status of the...
متن کاملInteraction of brain noradrenergic system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in man.
BACKGROUND Numerous interactions between the brainstem locus coeruleus system and the HPA axis have been shown in experimental animals. This relationship is less well characterized in humans and little is known about the influence of psychiatric disorders, which disturb one of these systems, on this relationship. METHODS Untreated subjects with pure MDD (n = 13), MDD with comorbid anxiety dis...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
سال: 2004
ISSN: 0021-972X,1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030978